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>>THERESA BULLARD: The number
three is considered very sacred

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by spiritual traditions
throughout the world,

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whether it is seen as the Holy
Trinity, or the supernal triad,

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or the archetypes of
father, mother, child,

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or the sacred geometry
of the triangle.

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The importance of
three is universal.

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Not only is it spiritually
significant, the power of three

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appears in science
again and again.

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It relates to some of the most
important unanswered questions

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in modern physics,
such as why do we live

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in three dimensions of space?

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And why are there
particles of matter

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grouped into three generations
in the standard model?

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Let's explore these
a bit more closely.

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There is an
interesting phenomenon

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that occurs with
particles of matter.

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Each particle seems to come in
three versions, or generations

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of itself.

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Each version has the same
charge, the same interactions

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with the strong, weak, and
electromagnetic forces.

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The only difference
that distinguishes them

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is their mass.

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For example, the other
versions of the electron

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are the muon and
the tau particles.

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Likewise, there are three types
of corresponding neutrinos.

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Altogether, these form what
are called the six leptons.

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Then there are also
six quarks that are

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grouped into three generations.

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But the quarks are called up,
charm, and top being one set,

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and then the other three
quarks called down, strange,

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and bottom comprising
the other set.

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Altogether, these six
quarks and six leptons

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are called the twelve fermions
that make up ordinary matter.

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