The Bosnian Pyramid; Hoax or National Treasure?

The Bosnian Pyramid; Hoax or National Treasure?

The central mountains of Bosnia and Herzegovina are home to a handful of peaks that are the subject of fierce debate and nationalistic pride. Called the “Bosnian Pyramids,” the landforms are found near Visoko, a town located 20 miles from Sarajevo, with a population of 41,000.

Semir Osmanagich is the Bosnian native, author, and amateur archaeologist who, while on a 2005 book tour, noticed the pyramidal mountains surrounding Visoko. Despite being covered with native forest and vegetation, these peaks had four precise sides that met at a point at their summits — some were more identifiable as others, but Osmanagich believes that all were produced by humans. The largest, named the “Pyramid of the Sun” by Somanagich, has ruins at the summit believed to be associated with medieval kings.

By comparing the forms to known pyramids, including those in Egypt, China, and Central America, Osmanagich discovered that the Bosnian structures shared characteristics with those on other continents, including a northern orientation, construction materials created or altered by tool users, and inner chambers. The Bosnian pyramids’ northern orientation is more precise than the Egyptian Giza pyramids’ alignment.

At the Pyramid of the Sun, investigators discovered aggregate blocks under a meter of soil — rectangular and roughly six-sided, the blocks appeared to be made from a type of concrete. Researchers determined that the pyramid concrete was superior (less than one percent water absorption) to modern aggregates (plus or minus three percent water absorption).

Physicists and electrical engineers measured an electrical “beam” emitted from the top of the Sun Pyramid — a 13-foot wide field of electromagnetic energy at 28 kHz, not commonly found in nature. With miles of underground tunnels, multiple chambers, and flowing water, Osmanagich believes the formations were designed to produce specific types of energy. Similar theories have developed in regard to pyramids on other continents — researchers believe that chambers within the Great Pyramid of Giza were designed to conduct and store electromagnetic energy.

Ancient and Modern Habitation

Bosnia and Herzegovina, part of the Balkan peninsula, is home to rich evidence of Paleolithic and later cultures. Archaeologists have identified strata, or layers dating back to 12,000 B.C.E., including Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze and Iron ages. Rome claimed the region, then called “Illyricum,” in roughly 168 B.C.E., renaming the area “Dalmatia.” Archaeological digs have yielded Celtic ceramics, Roman glass, and burial jewelry from a variety of cultures as well as Roman roads and fortresses.

Like the ancient “cradle of civilization” in present-day Iran and Iraq, the Balkan peninsula has a complex history of continual ethnic struggle and invasion. The Mesopotamian region is also home to ancient pyramidal structures linked to Sumerian and Babylonian cultures, called “ziggerauts.”

Evidence and documentation show the area was raided by Germanic tribes, Slavs, Huns, Ostrogoths by the 12th century. Fifteenth century Ottoman invaders introduced Islamic religion and controlled the area for 400 years. After several 19th century uprisings, the Ottomans surrendered the region to the Austrian-Hungarian empire, and was eventually renamed “Yugoslavia” in 1929.

During WWII, the Nazis unleashed  genocide against Bosnian muslims. In 1992, the Serbian ethnic group carried out another genocide against Bosnian muslims. The conflict included Croatian forces, and resulted in present-day political and territorial structures.

Hoax or Bosnian National Treasure?

Despite so much compelling evidence that the pyramidal structures are indeed man-made, archaeological academia have declared Osmanagich’s findings a hoax, declaring the pyramidal formations to be a “pseudo-archaeological explanation for natural formations” by the European Association of Archaeology.

At the same time, Bosnia and Herzegovina citizens have embraced the newly-imagined pyramids as national treasures. As reported in Smithsonian Magazine, “Bosnian officials — including a prime minister and two presidents — have embraced them. [The] Sarajevo-based news media and hundreds of thousands of ordinary Bosnians [are] drawn to the promise of a glorious past and more prosperous future for their battered country.”

pyramid of the sun

Pyramid of the sun, Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Semir Osmanagich discusses the Bosnian Pyramids in this episode of Open Minds, watch the full video

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Mount Roraima: A Floating Island Shrouded in Mystery

Mount Roraima: A Floating Island Shrouded in Mystery

Hiking is a great way to explore nature, get exercise, spend time with friends, and … travel back in time?

Even for the most seasoned of explorers, Mount Roraima, a plateaued mountain about 1,300 feet high, located where Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana converge, might prove to be an experience far beyond the typical.

Mount Roraima National Park, also known as “Monte Roraima” and the “floating island of Venezuela,” is different than the usual hiking trail or even the usual mountain. Its remote location, mixed with the mysterious air of untouched territory and indigenous folklore, makes it an adventure that promises much more than many who climb it bargained for.

Mount Roraima History

Before European conquistadores arrived in South America, indigenous populations revered Mount Roraima as a regional symbol, referring to it as the “Axis Mundi,” a tree where all the world’s fruits and vegetables grow. It was a peaceful and tranquil place, protected by the Macuxi people.

However, over time, the arrival of foreigners in search of El Dorado and landscapes steeped with gold meant that the purity of Mount Roraima would not remain intact forever.

Later, the arrival of miners marked a change in the environment of Mount Roraima, with alcohol, violence, prostitution, and venereal disease infecting the area. High-pressure water hoses blasted open the land in search of treasure left pools of water, which bred disease. The Macuxi thought they would be able to peacefully coexist and work together with the miners, but this turned out not to be the case.

The trend continued into the present day.

The Brazilian government sought to build dams, roads, and form a municipal government over the territory, claiming those in the region wanted the same infrastructures as the rest of the country. However, the Macuxi stood their ground against the changes, blocking construction and impeding the development where possible.

For the time being, the dam project has been abandoned, with the governor citing the expense to reach the remote location as the primary reason for leaving it behind, not the Macuxi resistance.

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