Government Admits Oumuamua Wasn’t First Interstellar Object
The U.S. military confirmed the first interstellar object to hit Earth was years before Oumuamua and corroborates research done by a famous astronomer.
We’ve reported before about Oumuamua, the first interstellar object to enter our solar system in 2017, and Harvard professor Avi Loeb’s book arguing Oumuamua might be extraterrestrial. Whatever it was, its existence was remarkable as the first interstellar object to enter our solar system.
But now, we are learning that Oumuamua was the second interstellar object to enter our solar system, and this discovery was made by none other than Avi Loeb.
In 2019, Loeb, working with his student Amir Siraj, combed through the database of meteors looking for other interstellar objects. When they found evidence of a fast-moving meteor that hit the Earth, they wrote a paper arguing it was interstellar too and preceded Oumuamua by almost four years.
“The referees of the paper that we wrote rejected the paper, and argued that it should not be published,” Loeb said. “Because they don’t trust the government and perhaps the uncertainties that are often quantified in the scientific literature as ‘error bars,’ which they are just the level of uncertainty in the measurements (that) are unknown.”
So the paper could not go through peer review or be published because although they used a public government database, the level of uncertainty, or error bars, were kept classified. The U.S. military does not reveal that information as it could give away the sensitivity of their equipment. The paper was stuck in academic limbo until now…
The U.S. Space Command just released a memo sent to NASA’s science chief confirming Loeb and Siraj’s work. Sharing in a tweet that they, “confirm that a previously-detected interstellar object was indeed an interstellar object.”
Besides proving Loeb right, that the meteor in 2014 was interstellar, what is the significance of this event?
“First of all, the government helps the progress of science, which is quite a watershed moment in a way, because this was classified information, they were willing to release part of it — they are not giving us the full measurements — but they’re saying at 99.999 percent, that we were right in our 2019 paper with my student,” Loeb said.
“The second point is this is actually the first interstellar object to have been detected because it predates Oumuamua by almost four years. Finally, Oumuamua was about 100m in size, and we discovered it with telescopes because of the reflection of sunlight. In the case of a meteor, you see the fireball generated as it rubs against the atmosphere and burns up, and so you can see smaller objects because you are not relying on reflection of light from the sun.”
So what’s next? Can we find this object on Earth?
“Any meteor is disintegrating into fragments, so we can go off the coast of Papua New Guinea where this meteor landed and look for the fragments from this meteor and study it,” Loeb said.
“That’s not a very expensive expedition; much less than the billion-dollar space mission needed to land on an object like Oumuamua, the first interstellar object reported. So, it offers a completely new way that is not so expensive, at learning about the composition of the material that made the object, about perhaps whether it’s natural or artificial in origin. We can put our hands on whatever is left from it and bring it to laboratories at a relatively modest cost.”
What does this whole series of events show us about the future of science and space exploration?
“Science is supposed to be guided by evidence, not by prejudice, and not by the number of likes on Twitter,” Loeb said. “Altogether, I think it’s a celebration of science in the sense that the government is willing to declassify some information that is of national security importance. Second, we found a new avenue for exploring the nature of objects the size of a meteor that came from outside the solar system. It’s very likely that, in terms of artificial objects produced by extraterrestrial civilizations, there are many more small objects than big objects.”
Loeb and Siraj argue that studying interstellar meteors could prove extraterrestrial life, saying in their paper that meteors could, “deliver life from another planetary system.”
Artificial Intelligence Finds Missing Ghost Ancestor of Humans
Our ancestry as a species is intricate and convoluted. We know that Denisovans, Neanderthals, and the other iterations of our hominin ancestors interbred and evolved over hundreds of thousands of years. But while anthropologists have done their best to map out this complicated lineage, we’ve now reached a point in our evolution that machines can map our genealogy better than we can. Such was the case when a machine learning algorithm applied to our DNA roadmap found a new ancestor we didn’t even know existed.
According to a study published in Nature Communications, scientists fed DNA data from fossilized bones and modern humans into an A.I. algorithm that computed thousands of timelines to map out the possible evolutionary pathways based on what we know – or what we think we know – about our ancestors migrations, diasporas, and interbreeding to tell us if we were missing anything.
It turns out we were…
The new study found that a missing, archaic “ghost” ancestor played a significant role in the development of the human species, helping to propel us from primitive hominins to the highly intelligent beings we are today.
This ancestor was likely a hybrid of Neanderthals and the Denisovans – the hominin ancestor discovered in 2010, that five percent of modern humans can still directly trace their genealogy through.
And though the study’s authors are referring to this hominin hybrid as a “ghost” population, they also believe there might be fossil evidence of it found in the bones of a 90,000-year-old specimen of a teenage girl discovered in Siberia’s Denisova cave – the location where the original Denisovan fossils were found.
The discovery of the Denisovans has presented itself as one of the most profound and baffling finds for archeologists within the past decade as their fossil remains showed they existed for millennia alongside our other ancestors. Not to mention they appear to have been massive in comparison to other hominin species.
And by massive, they mean that a Denisovan wisdom tooth found in the cave was originally mistaken for that of a bear’s. And though wisdom teeth can vary in size, the anthropologist studying the specimen, Bence Viola, told National Geographic, “large teeth with massive roots would probably require massive jaws.”
Who were these gigantic Denisovans whom we know so little about, and even more baffling, what did their hybrid progeny with Neanderthal’s look like? These paradigm-shifting discoveries only add to the fact that we still have so much more to learn about our species’ history.
For more on the strange discovery of the gigantic Denisovans check out this episode of Ancient Civilizations :
