Government Admits Oumuamua Wasn’t First Interstellar Object
The U.S. military confirmed the first interstellar object to hit Earth was years before Oumuamua and corroborates research done by a famous astronomer.
We’ve reported before about Oumuamua, the first interstellar object to enter our solar system in 2017, and Harvard professor Avi Loeb’s book arguing Oumuamua might be extraterrestrial. Whatever it was, its existence was remarkable as the first interstellar object to enter our solar system.
But now, we are learning that Oumuamua was the second interstellar object to enter our solar system, and this discovery was made by none other than Avi Loeb.
In 2019, Loeb, working with his student Amir Siraj, combed through the database of meteors looking for other interstellar objects. When they found evidence of a fast-moving meteor that hit the Earth, they wrote a paper arguing it was interstellar too and preceded Oumuamua by almost four years.
“The referees of the paper that we wrote rejected the paper, and argued that it should not be published,” Loeb said. “Because they don’t trust the government and perhaps the uncertainties that are often quantified in the scientific literature as ‘error bars,’ which they are just the level of uncertainty in the measurements (that) are unknown.”
So the paper could not go through peer review or be published because although they used a public government database, the level of uncertainty, or error bars, were kept classified. The U.S. military does not reveal that information as it could give away the sensitivity of their equipment. The paper was stuck in academic limbo until now…
The U.S. Space Command just released a memo sent to NASA’s science chief confirming Loeb and Siraj’s work. Sharing in a tweet that they, “confirm that a previously-detected interstellar object was indeed an interstellar object.”
Besides proving Loeb right, that the meteor in 2014 was interstellar, what is the significance of this event?
“First of all, the government helps the progress of science, which is quite a watershed moment in a way, because this was classified information, they were willing to release part of it — they are not giving us the full measurements — but they’re saying at 99.999 percent, that we were right in our 2019 paper with my student,” Loeb said.
“The second point is this is actually the first interstellar object to have been detected because it predates Oumuamua by almost four years. Finally, Oumuamua was about 100m in size, and we discovered it with telescopes because of the reflection of sunlight. In the case of a meteor, you see the fireball generated as it rubs against the atmosphere and burns up, and so you can see smaller objects because you are not relying on reflection of light from the sun.”
So what’s next? Can we find this object on Earth?
“Any meteor is disintegrating into fragments, so we can go off the coast of Papua New Guinea where this meteor landed and look for the fragments from this meteor and study it,” Loeb said.
“That’s not a very expensive expedition; much less than the billion-dollar space mission needed to land on an object like Oumuamua, the first interstellar object reported. So, it offers a completely new way that is not so expensive, at learning about the composition of the material that made the object, about perhaps whether it’s natural or artificial in origin. We can put our hands on whatever is left from it and bring it to laboratories at a relatively modest cost.”
What does this whole series of events show us about the future of science and space exploration?
“Science is supposed to be guided by evidence, not by prejudice, and not by the number of likes on Twitter,” Loeb said. “Altogether, I think it’s a celebration of science in the sense that the government is willing to declassify some information that is of national security importance. Second, we found a new avenue for exploring the nature of objects the size of a meteor that came from outside the solar system. It’s very likely that, in terms of artificial objects produced by extraterrestrial civilizations, there are many more small objects than big objects.”
Loeb and Siraj argue that studying interstellar meteors could prove extraterrestrial life, saying in their paper that meteors could, “deliver life from another planetary system.”
A New Phase of Matter Appears to Defy Laws of Thermodynamics
Scientists have created a new phase of matter known as time crystals, a quantum phenomenon appearing to defy the laws of thermodynamics. Could this discovery upend our understanding of classical physics?
A team of researchers developing Google’s Sycamore quantum computer announced the successful creation of a time crystal that lasted for 100 seconds. This novel phase of matter appears to defy the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy, or chaos and disorder, always increases in an isolated system. In other words, energy must be put into a system in order to maintain structure or motion. But time crystals have been observed to maintain a constant state of flux, without losing any energy.
Dr. Simeon Hein, director of the Institute for Resonance, explains the science behind this strange phenomenon.
“Crystals are in everything we do—they’re in watches—they’re in so many things because they’re regular, they create evenness, they create this consistency. And just like their pattern is very consistent, the energy that crystals transmit turns into a very regular pattern which is why you can use a quartz crystal in a watch,’ Dr. Hein said.
“You can put a noisy electrical signal in but it will come out as a very consistent beat, and that created the idea for some people, in this case, Frank Wilczek from M.I.T. in 2012, to propose the idea that you not only had crystals in space, you could have crystals in time. You could create an oscillating circuit, using specific quantum principles, you could create a very constant quantum beat.”
Time crystals have been described as the first “out-of-equilibrium” phase of matter, meaning they maintain order while in an excited state. But how do time crystals accomplish this, without expending energy?
“At a quantum level, they’re getting energy from something called the Zero-point energy field. The Zero-point energy field is the lowest ground state of quantum matter, but the lowest state doesn’t mean absolute zero like nothing’s happening. The quantum ground state is actually the base state of the universe, where even though there’s nothing happening, the field itself generates energy, causing random fluctuations and particles to pop out of nowhere, and all sorts of really interesting effects that normally, I should say most of the time, we don’t see in our regular, physical reality,” Dr. Hein said.
“So these coherently entangled particles would be deriving their energy from the quantum vacuum field. But if they’re getting their energy from the quantum vacuum, instead of our classical world, you can’t see any reason why they would eventually have to wind down like our regular clocks would, and energy would dissipate.”
With this new discovery of time crystals appearing to defy the second law of thermodynamics, how has mainstream science reacted, or tried to reconcile this paradox?
“A lot of these quantum phenomena seem to defy classical physics, the whole idea of quantum entanglement suggests faster than light interaction or communication, Einstein called it ‘spooky action at a distance,’ and experiments later confirmed that you could take pairs of particles and separate them, and you could do something to one of them, and the other particle would immediately react at farther and farther distances away,” Dr. Hein said.
