Who Was the Sumerian God Enki?
The Sumerians were noted for their worship of many gods. Among them was Enki, a god known for being the patron deity of the city of Eridu.
Enki is depicted in many pieces of Sumerian art and literature, including the Babylonian creation epic the Enuma Elish, The Epic of Gilgamesh, and others. Due to his prominence in such works, it is fair to assume he played a large role in Sumerian culture. Much about Enki remains shrouded in mystery, and begs further exploration.
The God Enki
Enki, a god known for his inherent worth, represented healing, fertility, and creation in Sumerian culture. His intelligent magic often included trickery to benefit the good of the human race.
Son of a sky god, Enki was thought to reign over the Earth and high heavens. As a leader of the Anunna gods in Sumeria, it is believed Enki inhabited the Earth nearly 400,000 years ago.
Enki’s Various Names
Enki was known by a variety of names, including Enkig, Ea, Nissiku, and Nudimmud. The names come with a variety of translations, such as “Prince,” “Lord of the Earth,” and “Creator.”
Gift of Fertility & Creation
In Sumerian culture, Enki is heavily connected to the concepts of fertility and creation. This is often represented by water.
Ancient images of Enki show rivers flowing from his masculine shoulders. The rivers depicted are thought to be the Euphrates and Tigris rivers that flow through Mesopotamia and signify his gift of fertility to the land. According to legend, the rivers were formed from his semen, which further supports his ties to the concept of fertility.
In addition, other symbols associated with Enki are the goat and the fish, which also signify fertility or fertileness.
One Sumerian lore depicts Enki as the founder of Eridu, possibly Mesopotamia’s first city, thus establishing the beginning of life on Earth. The spiritual site of Eridu has been compared to the Judeo-Christian concept of the Garden of Eden.
In addition to his contributions to creation, Enki is noted for his divine crafts and arts that represent spirituality. It is said he came to Earth to share knowledge of the afterlife with humans.
Link to the Annunaki
The Anunna or Anunnaki were beings of higher consciousness and advanced technology. According to legend, these gods or extraterrestrials came to Earth in search of gold. In one Babylonian story, the elder gods enjoyed a leisurely life while the younger gods worked away mining gold.
The intelligent yet mischievous Enki suggested the gods create other beings to mine the gold for them. The Annunaki were thought to be clone masters who sought to clone lesser beings, such as the human race, to do their work. Control of human beings is still thought to be happening under Annunaki gods today.
Although Enki contributed to the concept of cloning, which could be considered manipulation of the human race, he was well-intended and provided humans with information on how to restore balance to the Earth after devastating droughts and famine. Enki was drawn to forgiveness, compassion, and humanity.
Enki Family Lineage
Enki had a substantial cosmic family line. His immediate family included a father figure, mother, brother, wife, and four sons. An additional eight children were born later, as mentioned in a folk tale. The names and relations of Enki’s family members vary throughout ancient texts.
Sumerian mythology referred to Enki’s father as Anu, meaning “sky god,” while Babylonian text uses the name Apsu, defined as “primordial father.” Enki’s mother, Nammu, was a goddess from the highest heavens. She was depicted as the female force who gave birth to the heavens and the Earth.
Enki was the twin of Adad, a god of weather and storms. Enki had another brother Enlin, who was thought to be an adversary, often causing trouble for Enki to creatively repair.
Enki later married the goddess Ninhursag, who is also known by the names Ninmah, Damgalnuna, and Damkina. Together they had four sons: Asarluhi, god of magical knowledge; Enbhlulu, god of dikes and canals; Adapa, human sage; and Marduk, god of magical knowledge.
In the tale Enki and Ninhursag, it is said Enki and his wife had eight more children in an effort to cure Enki after he became seriously ill. The eight offspring with healing powers included:
- Abu – god of plants and growth
- Nintulla – god of precious metals
- Ninsitu – goddess of healing
- Ninkasi – goddess of beer
- Nanshe – goddess of divination, dream interpretation, social justice, and fertility
- Azimua – goddess of healing
- Emshag – god of fertility
- Ninti – goddess and giver of life
Power and Humanity
Enki was a very powerful god and had the assistance of mystical beings at his service. Legends describe an assortment of creatures such as mermaids, giants, and even demons that aided Enki in his earthly endeavors. Although he could call upon both destructive and caring existences, Enki favored humanity and social justice. He was known for his intelligence, wisdom, and gift for divine arts and crafts. Enki’s knowledge of rituals included exorcism as well as healing prayers and chants.
An important figure in mythological history, Enki remains one of the greatest Sumerian legends and one of the most complex Sumerian gods. As such, one can spend a significant amount of time delving into the history and mystery of Enki. Continue to explore this fascinating mythical being on your own, and enjoy the journey.
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Did The Druids Share a Common Ancestry With Other Ancient Civilizations?
There are few groups in history more enigmatic than those known as the druids. Today there are two neo-druidic sects, whose philosophy centers around a reverence for nature, diversity, and love. These are the often-cloaked people known to perform ceremonies in nature and at megalithic sites such as Stonehenge.
The Druids of antiquity are steeped in legend and folklore, having no written record of who they truly were or where they originally came from. The general consensus holds that they were a highly revered group, with a divine connection to nature and authoritative wisdom that trumped even the highest nobility. They are widely known to be of Celtic origin, but some alternative theories see them as having a common ancestry with ancient Eastern cultures or even one possibly originating in Atlantis.
Ancient Druids
In ancient times, Druids were known as wise elders who would congregate around oak trees. In fact, the word Druid or Druwid in Celtic translates to oak-knower or “knowing the oak tree,” though little is known what exactly this erudite group was really like. The recorded history of the ancient Druids typically falls into two categories; those that are based on ancient Roman writings, and those based on interpretations of writings seen as distorted Roman propaganda.
The Celtic Druids inhabited the area of Europe once known as Gaul, where they were eventually conquered by the Romans. One of the best-written accounts of the ancient Druids comes from Julius Caesar who described them as civilized, wise, and noble people, with the exception of their alleged ritual human sacrifice. Caesar and Tacitus led the conquering of Gaul and the subsequent persecution of the Druids, viewing them as overly superstitious and having dictatorial control over society.
The Druid religion was said to have sacrificed criminals in a massive wooden effigy, known as a wicker man, which was filled with people and set on fire. Caesar claimed that the Gauls were so consumed by the superstitions of Druidic rituals that they were quick to sacrifice, and would even offer up innocent people if they lacked sufficient criminals. Many contest this image of the Druids as inaccurate and an attempt by Caesar to depict them as a society worth integrating into Roman culture, albeit one that needed civilizing.
