Yoga and Anterior Pelvic Tilt
The anterior pelvic tilt is a hot topic in yoga and in manual medicine. Some people are overly concerned about the fact that their pelvis is tilting anteriorly without even understanding what it means. Let’s simplify the issues behind this increasingly common postural variation and learn how it can affect other parts of our body.
A normal pelvic angle is 30°; this means that our posterior superior iliac spines (the dimples above our bottoms) are slightly higher than our anterior superior iliac spines (the bones that stick out at the front of our pelvis). This angle can vary a few degrees either anteriorly or posteriorly due to our genetic makeup and even temporarily due to tight and/or weak muscles. An anterior pelvic angle of 40° is considered excessive and will produce a lower back (lumbar spine) curve that is also extreme. Our lumbar spine should have an anterior curve which is known as a lordosis; however, when this curve is excessive it is known as a hyperlordosis, which is not ideal. Cases of increased pelvic angles and lumbar hyperlordoses are very prevalent in today’s society.
Causes of increased lumbar lordosis include:
- Postural deformity
- Lax muscles, especially the abdominal muscles in combination with tight muscles, especially hip flexors or lumbar extensors
- A heavy abdomen, resulting from excess weight or pregnancy
- Compensatory mechanisms that result from another deformity, such as an increased curve in the thoracic spine (mid-back)
- Hip flexion contracture
- Spondylolisthesis (displacement of the vertebra above with relation to the vertebra below)
- Congenital problems, such as bilateral congenital dislocation of the hip
- Fashion (e.g., wearing high-heeled shoes)
Magee, J. David. Orthopedic Physical Assessment: Fourth Edition. Saunders. Toronto. 2002.
Cause number two from the list above is the reason that affects most. The majority of the population sits for at least eight hours a day while hunched over a desk at work; this can lead to a generic condition known as lower cross syndrome. This disorder consists of the following muscular issues: Weak or inhibited gluteal muscles and abdominals & Tight and shortened hip flexors and lumbar extensors
To better visualize this, observe the illustration that demonstrates lower cross syndrome. Take note of how the two weak/inhibited muscles create one line of the cross and the two tight/shortened muscles create the other line to complete the shape of a cross, hence lower cross syndrome.
When our hip flexors are tight, specifically our psoas, our pelvis rotates forward by the psoas pulling down on the lumbar spine from its attachment sites; this increases our lumbar lordosis and subsequently shortens our lumbar extensor muscles. This is most often seen in combination with weak abdominal and gluteal muscles.
Now that the reasons for this postural condition have been noted, the way to correct it is clear: reverse the causes. However, the distinction between inhibited muscles and weak muscles must be made first before rehabilitation can effectively begin. Inhibited muscles require the re-establishment of correct muscle firing patterns, while weak muscles need to be strengthened. Some individuals have weak muscles that are not inhibited; some have the reverse, and some have both issues to correct. Tight/shortened muscles require lengthening; sometimes stretching is sufficient and sometimes alternative soft tissue treatments such as Active Release Technique® and Graston Technique® are required to decrease scar tissue and increase the range of motion of the particular muscle.
If you are concerned that you may have lower cross syndrome, or simply a pelvic tilt, paying a visit to your manual health care practitioner (sports focused chiropractor, sports physician) will be well worth the time and money. They will be able to diagnose any underlying issues related to this condition and create an appropriate rehabilitation programs specific to the weaknesses and inhibitions they find upon physical examination. They will also be able to reduce scar tissue that may be contributing to your pelvic tilt (anterior or posterior).
Education is the ticket to eliminating these sorts of conditions from society. If we understand how to mitigate the risks for such generic conditions, we will all be much healthier individuals. Here is to learning more about our bodies!
Learn More about Dr. Carla Cupido.
About the Author
Open Your Pelvis: Deep Straddle, Front Splits in Yoga
I grew up in the 1980s in the U.S.A. and one of my first fitness memories was of the “Thigh Master”. This invention was sold as toning the thighs and giving a sleek looking leg to the user. The exercise had the result of tightening the inner thigh muscles. Without much technical instruction the do-it-yourself home workout junkie would just squeeze the inner thighs muscles, including the Adductors, Gracilis and Pectineus. When I started practicing yoga the one area of serious tightness that I found on my body was my inner thighs. When your inner thighs are tight and over worked it can restrict healthy inward and outward rotation of the hip joint. In the yoga practice we rely on a healthy range of motion in the hip joint to practice most of the postures. Yoga practitioners who find their inner thighs a little tight need to take the time to understand how to soften and release this tender area in order to practice safely.
The thighs form the gateway to the pelvis and opening the muscles along the thighs takes patience, humility and good alignment. Between the hamstrings, the quadriceps and the inner thigh muscles, the upper legs create a solid protection for the pelvis. In yoga you practice how to let go of all unnecessary protection so that the body can relax. In essence flexibility is about laying down the armor of the body so its natural state of peace and harmony can be revealed. That’s easier said than done.
When I first started attempting to deepen my front splits I realized that my inner thighs were blocking the pathway. This is a sensitive area to work with in the body that cannot be rushed. In the Ashtanga Yoga Primary Series many students who are eager to open their inner thighs in postures like Upavistha and Supta Konasana end up creating injury out of their enthusiasm. As a teacher I strongly encourage students not to push themselves too hard while in these postures. Eager students will sometimes grab hold of their feet and attempt to force their torso down to the floor between their thighs. But without waiting for the body to relax and release its protection, the tightness around the thighs cannot release and they only end up making their body tighter. In the worst-case scenario that I have witnessed, a student injures their hamstring or inner thigh attachment around the sitting bones while attempting to go deeper. This can all be avoided if you work patiently, surrender the go and apply healthy alignment principles while working the yoga postures.
In the yoga practice, we cannot control when the body will release and open. All we can do is show up each day and practice while letting go of the need to get any particular result. The openings and transformations that happen through yoga practice occur because we surrender ourselves to the divine and in that grace we experience our natural freedom. There is no way to rush that process. But I know first hand how frustrating it can be to turn up every day on your mat and not feel like there is any improvement. When I work with front splits I get impatient and want to hurry along the tedious journey of softening an area of tightness. If you are also working on front splits this video will help you find a safe path to opening the inner thighs.
