Hollow Earth vs Flat Earth Theory; Where Does One Draw the Line?
In the conspiracy world, everyone has their own predilections. Conspiracies aren’t a one-size-fits-all kind of thing; a theory that sounds preposterous to one, might be absolutely convincing to the next person. And recently there have been two conspiracies spreading across the internet, both at odds with each other, but which have convinced many, much to the chagrin of those pesky “normies.” That’s right, we’re talking about the hollow earth vs. flat earth theory.
Whether you ascribe to one of these alternative geological machinations or think both of them are absurd, there is at the very least, some interesting history behind both theories, each with their own unique drama. Not to mention the meta psy-op conspiracies some have presented to explain both trains of thought.
Who will win in the battle for the Hollow Earth vs. Flat Earth? Read on and decide for yourself…
Who Started the Flat Earth Theory; What is the Flat Earth Theory?
Though it may seem as if it spontaneously popped up out of nowhere sometime in the early aughts, the Flat Earth conspiracy theory’s roots extend back centuries in various forms. And we’re not just talking about its debate in times of antiquity; flat Earth arguments began popping up millennia after Pythagoras proposed, and Aristotle later proved, the planet is indeed spherical.
One of the most famous Flat Earth arguments came after a man named Samuel Birley Rowbotham published a 16-page pamphlet that was later expanded into an 1865 book claiming the Earth was in fact flat. Rowbotham cited evidence in the form of biblical scripture, fudged mathematical formulae, and faulty experiments designed to support Young Earth Creationist religious dogma – you know, the bizarre theory that the Earth was created some 10,000 years ago and dinosaurs existed alongside humans?
And Rowbotham’s ideas were posthumously preserved by one of his disciples who went so far as to create the Universal Zetetic Society (Zetetic is an obscure Greek/Latin word meaning “proceeding by inquiry”) that flourished up until WWI with its recurrent publication The Earth Not a Globe Review. Then in the 1950s, it was rebranded with the name we’re all now familiar with, the Flat Earth Society, which has experienced fluctuations in adherence until its most recent peak revival.
In the mid to late 1800s, Rowbotham’s inaccurate claims about the Earth being flat caught the attention of likeminded anti-intellectuals who wanted literal proof of biblical events. One of those fanatics was a wealthy man named John Hampden, who, in cahoots with Rowbotham, published a challenge with a cash reward to anyone who could prove in an experiment that the Earth was not flat.
Their test centered on a misinformed observation of boats at the far end of a six-mile canal, which they said could be seen without distortion or disappearing. They said boats should not be visible from the far end of the canal due to the Earth’s curvature, and because one could see them, they had their flat Earth theory proof. The experiment went down in the annals of history as the Bedford Level Experiment.
The Bedford Level where the flat earth test was conducted
But a man name Alfred Russel Wallace took the bet, knowing he had a way of elucidating the fact that what they were observing was probably a Fata Morgana, or some similar mirage, that makes ships in the distance appear to be floating or seem on an equal plane as the observer.
Wallace was easily able to show the two the folly in their ways by placing poles topped with disks along the canal, claiming that a pole placed in the middle of the canal would appear taller than the one closest and the one furthest from them. And as it turns out it did because of the planet’s curvature.
Flat-earthers tend to present these types of confused observations or tests as evidence that supports their theory still to this day. And they can seem legitimate or convincing at face value, especially when one isn’t prepared to defend against such absurd claims without a refresher on physics learned in elementary school. But that’s ok, because you don’t have to waste your time arguing with them… the Earth is round.
The Hollow Earth Conspiracy Theory and Agartha
Depending on who you talk to, the Hollow Earth theory has a number of different takes and intensities of belief. Some claim it’s just as fantastic, if not more so than Flat Earth theory, but we’d argue it has slightly more credence.
The idea that the Earth could be hollow is often tied to Sir Edmond Halley, a colleague of Isaac Newton and mathematician who calculated the periodicity of the comet named after him. These credentials may be why everyone believed him when he proposed the idea that Earth consisted of several concentric shells, each with its own atmosphere and magnetic poles separating it from the next. Halley posited the idea that each of these shells had its own light source and was possibly inhabited by living beings. He also believed gas escaping from the poles on the planet’s exterior was the cause of the Aurora Borealis and similar phenomena.
Today, Hollow Earth theorists believe Halley’s postulations about a Hollow Earth and the potential existence of life inside. Some refer to this land as Agartha, while others say it is the legendary Shambhala. And it’s fabled stories like these, apparent across disparate cultures, that fuel the belief in an internal Earth society.
If one were to watch any of the number of YouTube videos on the Hollow Earth theory, they’d find attempted scientific arguments sandwiched by anecdotal stories of Admiral Byrd’s Antarctic expedition and lore from religious and archaic texts. Much of which is often quite convincing.
One of their interesting arguments comes from the observation of a rotating water droplet in space. In these droplets, one sees that air bubbles tend to gravitate toward the center of the droplet, condensing into a core. This, they suggest, shows how the distribution of matter is affected by rotation as a function of time. They say this supports the argument that the Earth, over billions of years spinning through space has caused the planet to expand like a balloon, creating a hollow crust, separate from the dense core. And it’s between these shells where they believe may potentially be life.
Is there any real foundation to these ideas? Sure, maybe it is possible the Earth has expanded and there are hollowed out areas between the highly brittle crust and the more solid layers of the mantle and the core. Just recently Hollow Earth theorists have pointed to seismic waves detecting mountain ranges bigger than the Rockies in the Earth’s mantle as evidence for their theory.
And the fact that we haven’t been able to drill down more than 40,000 ft. makes the Hollow Earth argument more convincing than Flat Earth theory. But with the exception of the tiniest, most robust microbes, this still doesn’t help the idea that there could be life down there – it’s way too hot and the pressure way too high for that. Or is it?
The Psy-Op Conspiracy
A recent study blamed the rise of believers in the Flat Earth on the conspiracy’s propagation through YouTube. Their study found that the video streaming platform’s algorithm, which is designed to suggest an unending queue of topically relevant content at the end of your video, encourages people to go down rabbit holes, convincing them that there’s actually significant evidence to support these absurd ideas. We probably could have told you that without conducting a study, but good for them.
An overarching and more convincing conspiracy surrounding Hollow Earth and Flat Earth fantasy is one that posits their existence to be part of a grander attempt to dumb down the populace through a subversive control of public discourse and popular narratives.
These seditions have been around for a while and are certainly proven to some extent. If one were to consider the narrative fed to students in many countries (especially those with histories of imperialism), the true history is often much different than the nationalistic, sugar-coated version taught in school.
Could these two bizarre ideas fall into this category? Hard to say, but it makes a whole lot more sense than the Flat Earth or Hollow Earth conspiracies themselves.
About the Author
Ancient Symbols of Protection from Cultures Around the World
Throughout human history, people have searched for ways to safeguard themselves from negative energy, evil spirits, and other forces beyond their control. Across different cultures, ancient symbols of protection emerged to provide guidance, comfort, and spiritual protection. These protection symbols often reflect humanity’s close relationship with nature, the divine, and the mysteries of existence. They have appeared across continents, in various belief systems—from the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Celts to Native Americans, Vikings, Pagans, Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Each carries its own story and context, offering not only a symbol of protection against evil forces but also a source of good fortune, positive energy, and well-being in daily life.
If you feel drawn to these powerful protection symbols, it can be overwhelming to understand their origins and meanings. By exploring their cultural contexts and historical significance, you can discover which ancient protection symbols resonate most with you, whether you seek a protective amulet, a talisman, or a sacred sigil to incorporate into your spiritual practice.
Native American Protection Symbols
Native American tribes traditionally embraced ancient symbols of spiritual protection connected to the natural world. Animal totems, for example, represent protective powers derived from the wearer’s guardian spirit. Some of the most common animal symbols include:
- Bear: Represents leadership, physical strength, courage, and the ability to face challenges head-on.
- Crow: Embodies wisdom, intelligence, and keen awareness.
- Eagle: A revered bird symbolizing courage, wisdom, and strength; it also connects the earthly realm to the divine.
- Deer: Offers guidance to safety, gentleness, prosperity, and shelter.
- Gila Monster: Portrays preservation, resilience, and survival.
- Dragonfly: A sign of happiness, speed, and purity, often seen as a symbol of positive transformation.
- Lightning (Thunderbird): Associated with a legendary spirit of power, rain, and renewal.
In addition to animal totems, other Native American symbols provide spiritual protection:
- Arrows: These can signify defense, direction, and the warding off of evil spirits. An arrow pointing to the left often signals protection, while a downward-facing arrow can represent peace. Arrowheads carry protective properties, symbolizing alertness and focus.
- Cacti: Embody warmth, endurance, and maternal love, persisting even in harsh conditions.
- Drums: Used in sacred ceremonies to communicate with the Great Spirit, invoking divine protection.
- Eagle Feathers: Central to rituals and prayer, representing truth and spiritual activation.
- Medicine Bags: Typically made of animal hide and containing items like sage, tobacco, minerals, or a pipe, these bags were believed in ancient times to offer divine protection and good luck, especially in battle.
Ancient Egyptian, Celtic, Christian, and Greek Protection Symbols
Ancient Egypt, Greece, Celtic lands, and early Christian societies also developed significant ancient protection symbols. Within these various cultures, certain motifs recur, bridging continents and belief systems:
- The Cross: While often associated with the Christian faith, the cross also appears in many contexts. The ancient Egyptian symbol known as the ankh signifies eternal life and spiritual reflection. In Greek traditions, a cross represents the four directions and natural balance, much like in Native American symbolism.
- Eyes: In Egyptian culture, the Eye of Horus—an ancient Egyptian symbol resembling the right eye of the falcon god Horus—represents healing, protection, and the harmonizing of masculine and feminine energies. Similarly, the Eye of Ra symbolizes cosmic order and the sun’s protective force. Across cultures, the eye often appears as a symbol of protection—for example, the evil eye, a belief found in the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and beyond. Depictions like the nazar (a blue-eye-shaped amulet) are used to ward off evil forces and bad luck.
- The Hamsa Hand: Originating in the Middle East, North Africa, and regions influenced by Islamic and Jewish mysticism, as well as some Christian sects, the Hamsa hand is a protective amulet. Often used to repel the evil eye, it symbolizes divine guardianship, good fortune, and spiritual resilience. The Hamsa appears prominently in Arabic, Hebrew, and ancient Egyptian contexts, making it a potent emblem of spiritual protection.
- Wreaths: In early Christianity, wreaths represented eternity and the unending circle of life. Some believe displaying a wreath invites the spirit of Christ into the home. In Ancient Rome, wreaths were hung on doors after victorious battles. Today, wreaths can symbolize resilience, continuous growth, and persistent life force amid adversity.
Pagan, Wiccan, Norse, and Occult Protection Symbols
Beyond religious traditions, protection symbols from around the world appear in Pagan, Wiccan, Celtic, and Norse cultures. These symbols often focus on nature, cosmic cycles, and positive energy:
- Labyrinths (Wiccan/Pagan): Walking a labyrinth is a spiritual journey symbolizing wholeness, renewal, and guidance. One cannot get lost in a labyrinth, reflecting the soul’s steady path through life’s challenges.
- Yggdrasil (Norse): This great Viking tree of life connects all realms, symbolizing stability, wisdom, and cosmic order. It serves as an anchor of spiritual protection and unity.
- Powerful Protection Symbols in Norse Traditions:
- The Helm of Awe: A famed Viking symbol for protection, this Icelandic protection symbol (or Icelandic sigil) consists of eight rune-like arms radiating from a center point. It’s believed to protect the wearer from harm and instill fear in enemies.
- Thor’s Hammer (Mjölnir): Another Norse emblem, representing strength, courage, and the safeguarding of humanity. Mjölnir often symbolizes good luck in battles and marriages, as well as blessings for new ventures.
- Wiccan Protection Symbols:
- The Pentagram (Pentacle or Five-Pointed Star): Revered in Wicca, this shape can ward off evil spirits and negative influences. It often reflects the balance of earth, air, fire, water, and spirit.
- Mistletoe: Rooted in Celtic tradition, mistletoe is considered a protector against evil forces, ensuring good luck and prosperity for the community, livestock, and children.
- Runes and Other Amulets: Runes, ancient alphabetic symbols used by Viking and Germanic tribes, can serve as talismans, focusing positive energy and offering guidance. In many belief systems, wearing certain runes or sigils helps ward off negative energies and attract good fortune.
